Babeh Edi

Pelvis AP

Indications for imaging Congenital abnormalities, Trauma, degenerative disease, carcinoma primary and secondary, pathologies e.g. Perthes disease, slipped femoral epiphyses. Anatomy  Demonstrated Iliac bones, femoral heads and necks, ishium, pubis and scrum. Pelvis AP Anatomy Meschan, I. 1955 An Atlas of Normal Radiographic Anatomy Saunders, London Basic Patient Position The patient lies supine on the table with the midsaggital line in the center of the table. The legs are internally rotated approximately ten degrees by separating the heels 5 cm and bring the toes together in order to bring the femoral necks parallel to the film to reduce foreshortening.  Pelvis AP Patient Position Meschan, I. 1955 An Atlas of Normal Radiographic Anatomy Saunders, London Radiation protection There are many local rules for gonad protection however the following should be taken into account. The 28 day rule should be applied for female patients. In males direct lead rubber gonad protection can be applied at all times In females direct lead rubber gonad protection is generally not advised on the first examination, however if the patient is subsequently examined gonad protection may be used if the area of interest is not obscured. On small patients the omission of a grid will reduced the exposure. Central Ray The vertical central ray is centered in the midline at the level of a point midway between the A.S.I.S.s and the symphysis pubis. Exposure should be made on suspended expiration. Exposure Factors Kv mAS FFD (cm) Grid Focus AEC Cassette 80 25 100 Yes Broad/Fine Yes 35 x 43 cm Evaluation of the Image ID and markers must be present and correct in the appropriate area of the film Evidence of collimation on four sides equally around the centering point. Limits of the examination, Superiorly iliac crests, inferiorly the proximal femora, laterally the greater trochanters. The pelvis should be symmetrical about the midline indicting absence of rotation. The lesser trochanters should be projected just medially of the femora. Optimal exposure should penetrate all the bone structures and contrast should be low enough to visualise fully the bone and soft tissue structures. Pelvis AP Radiograph http://www. Related Projections Hip Lateral Pelvis "frogs" Lateral. Acetabular projections e.g. Judet's view. Additional modalities RNI CT MRI