Babeh Edi

Spine Thoracic Spine Upper Lateral

Indications for imaging Congenital abnormalities, scoliosis, trauma, pain, metastasis's. Anatomy  Demonstrated Thoracic vertebra,  Thoracic Spine Upper Lateral Anatomy Meschan, I. 1955 An Atlas of Normal Radiographic Anatomy Saunders, London Basic Patient Position The patient stands erect with the median saggital plane parallel to the bucky face, the arm nearest the bucky is raised the elbow flexed and the forearm rested on the top of the head. The other arm is positioned hanging loosely at the patients side, a weight may help lower the shoulder. Thoracic Spine Lateral Patient Position Meschan, I. 1955 An Atlas of Normal Radiographic Anatomy Saunders, London Radiation protection There are many local rules for gonad protection however the following should be taken into account. The 28 day rule should be applied for female patients. In males and females direct lead rubber gonad protection can be applied at all times,  Central Ray The horizontal central ray is centered midway between the skin surfaces at the level of the palpable spinous process of c7. Exposure is made on suspended expiration. Exposure Factors Kv mAS FFD (cm) Grid Focus AEC Cassette 90 40 100 Yes Broad Yes 24 x 30 cm Evaluation of the Image ID and markers must be present and correct in the appropriate area of the film Evidence of collimation on four sides equally around the centering point. Optimal exposure should penetrate all the bone structures and contrast should be low enough to visualise fully the bone and soft tissue structures. Limits of the examination, superiorly C4, inferiorly T4, posteriorly the skin surface. the vertebra should be projected in true lateral position with the intervertebral and facets joints open. Thoracic Spine Upper Lateral Radiograph Meschan, I. 1955 An Atlas of Normal Radiographic Anatomy Saunders, London Related Projections Thoracic and Cervical spine Lateral Additional modalities CT MRI