Indications for imaging
Trauma, pain, rheumatoid arthritis,
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Anatomy Demonstrated
Cervical vertebrae 1 & 2, odontoid process, intervertebral
space, posterior arch of atlas and lateral masses.
Cervical Spine 1-2 AP Anatomy
Meschan, I. 1955 An Atlas of Normal Radiographic Anatomy
Saunders, London
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Basic Patient Position
The patient stands erect in the AP position median saggital plane at 90 degrees to the film with the patients midline in
line with the center of the bucky, feet slightly apart to aid
stability, coronal plane parallel to the film.
The mouth is opened wide, chin is raised until a imaginary line from the
center of the mouth to a point level with the mastoid tips is
horizontal.
Cervical Spine 1-2 AP Patient Position
Meschan, I. 1955 An Atlas of Normal Radiographic Anatomy
Saunders, London
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Radiation protection
There are many local rules for gonad protection however the
following should be taken into account.
In males and females direct lead rubber gonad protection can be applied at
all times, avoid the breast tissue particularly in young females,
collimate to prevent irradiation of the eyes.
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Central Ray
The horizontal central ray is centered through the open
mouth.
Exposure is made on suspended expiration.
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Exposure Factors
| Kv |
mAS |
FFD (cm) |
Grid |
Focus |
AEC |
Cassette |
| 80 |
5 |
100 |
Yes |
Fine |
Yes |
18 x 24 cm |
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Evaluation of the Image
ID and markers must be present and correct in the appropriate
area of the film
Evidence of collimation on four sides equally around the
centering point.
Optimal exposure should penetrate all the bone structures and
contrast should be low enough to visualise fully the bone and
soft tissue structures.
Limits of the examination,
The atlas and axis should be clearly visible through the open
mouth, the upper incisors should be just above the op of the peg
and superimposed on the occiput, the lower incisors should be
projected below the lower border of C2. The vertebral structures
should be symmetrical about the midline and projected centrally
between the rami of the mandibles.
Cervical Spine 1-2 AP Radiograph
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Related Projections
Cervical spine Lateral
Cervical spine C3-C7
Cervical spine obliques
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Additional modalities
CT
MRI |
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