Indications for imaging
Trauma - dislocations, fractures, soft tissue calcifications
Arthritis survey
Bone pain.
|
Anatomy Demonstrated
Rt Humerus Later Anatomy
Meschan, I. 1955 An Atlas of Normal Radiographic Anatomy
Saunders, London
|
|
Basic Patient Position
The patient stands erect PA, the position of the film is
adjusted to included the shoulder and elbow joints, with the
humerus in contact with the cassette, i.e. rotated into the
anterior oblique position approximately 20 degrees. The arm is
abducted approximately 35 degrees away from the trunk and the
palm of the hand placed on the iliac crest to bring an imaginary
line through distal humeral epicondyles at 90 degrees to the
film, elbow in true lateral position.
The
humerus may need to be positioned diagonally across the film to
included the full length.
|
Radiation protection
Direct lead rubber gonad protection using a "half
apron".
Avoid irradiating the thyroid and breast tissue as much as
possible.
|
Central Ray
The horizontal central ray is centered midway between the
skin surfaces at the midpoint of the humerus. Exposure is made
on suspended expiration.
|
Exposure Factors
| Kv |
mAS |
FFD (cm) |
Grid |
Focus |
AEC |
Cassette |
| 80 |
10 |
100 |
No |
Fine |
No |
24x30 cm |
|
Evaluation of the Image
ID and markers must be present and correct in the
appropriate area of the film.
Limits of the examination, superiorly the shoulder,
inferiorly the proximal 3cm of the forearm, medially the gleno
humeral joint and laterally the skin surfaces.
Evidence of collimation on four sides equally around the centering
point
The elbow must be projected in true lateral position with he
humeral epicondyles superimposed, the lesser tuberosity of the
proximal humerus must be in profile and will be partly
superimposed on the glenoid.
The exposure should demonstrate all the soft tissues and
penetrate the denser proximal portion without over exposure of
the less dense distal portion, utilisation of the anode heal
effect, anode side of the tube inferiorly may help to reduce the
exposure to the distal portion.
Humerus AP & Lat Radiographs (Note exostosis)
|
Related Projections
Humerus AP
Shoulder joint AP
Supero-inferior
Elbow AP
Elbow Lat
|
Additional modalities
RNI evaluation of metastases |
|
No comments:
Post a Comment