Babeh Edi

Forearm AP

Indications for imaging Trauma*, metastases, bone pain. (*Monteggia's fracture, fracture of the ulna with dislocation of the head of the radius.) Anatomy  Demonstrated Lt Forearm AP Anatomy Meschan, I. 1955 An Atlas of Normal Radiographic Anatomy Saunders, London Basic Patient Position The patient sits alongside the end of the table with the affected arm fully extended and the hand supinated, the table top should be raised to the level of the lower border of the axilla so the whole arm is supported and parallel to the cassette. The patient should lean externally to bring the humeral epicondyles equidistant from the film, in this position the wrist will be externally rotated from AP. It is not possible to view proximal and distal ends in true AP position, it is best to ensure that the area of most interest is projected correctly. Lt Forearm AP Patient Position Meschan, I. 1955 An Atlas of Normal Radiographic Anatomy Saunders, London Radiation protection Direct lead rubber gonad protection using a "half apron". Ensure the lower limbs and torso are not below the table top in the primary beam. Central Ray The vertical central ray is positioned midway between the medial and lateral skin surfaces midway between the wrist and elbow joints. Exposure Factors Kv mAS FFD (cm) Grid Focus AEC Cassette 65 6 100 No Fine No 24 x 30 cm Evaluation of the Image ID and markers must be present and correct in the appropriate area of the film Evidence of collimation on four sides equally around the centering point. Limits of the examination, superiorly the elbow joint, inferiorly the wrist joint laterally the skin margins. The humeral epicondyles should be demonstrated in profile and either the wrist or elbow joints projected in true AP position. Exposure should demonstrate bone detail in the whole length of the forearm, and the soft tissue detail must be visible. Normal Forearm Left AP  (from) http://www.vh.org/Providers/TeachingFiles/NormalRadAnatomy/Images/ Related Projections Forearm lateral AP elbow and wrist Lateral elbow and wrist Additional modalities RNI for metastases.