Babeh Edi

Spine Thoracic Spine AP

Indications for imaging Congenital abnormalities, scoliosis, trauma, pain, metastasis's. Anatomy  Demonstrated Thoracic vertebra, medial ends of ribs. Thoracic Spine AP Anatomy Meschan, I. 1955 An Atlas of Normal Radiographic Anatomy Saunders, London Basic Patient Position The patient lies supine on the table midline aligned to the midline of the table, the ASISs and the acromio clavicular joints are equidistant from the table ensuring the midsaggital plane is at 90 degrees to the table. The neck is extended to avoid superimposition of the mandible on the upper thoracic spine, flexion of the hips and knees may help reduce the thoracic curve. Thoracic Spine AP Patient Position Meschan, I. 1955 An Atlas of Normal Radiographic Anatomy Saunders, London Radiation protection There are many local rules for gonad protection however the following should be taken into account. The 28 day rule should be applied for female patients. In males and females direct lead rubber gonad protection can be applied at all times,  Central Ray The vertical central ray is centered in the midline to T7 midway between the xiphisternum and the sternal angle. Exposure is made on suspended expiration. Exposure Factors Kv mAS FFD (cm) Grid Focus AEC Cassette 85 20 100 Yes Broad Yes 30 x 40 cm Evaluation of the Image ID and markers must be present and correct in the appropriate area of the film Evidence of collimation on four sides equally around the centering point. Optimal exposure should penetrate all the bone structures and contrast should be low enough to visualise fully the bone and soft tissue structures. Limits of the examination, superiorly C7 inferiorly L1, laterally the medially 5 cm of the proximal ends of the ribs. The sterno clavicular joints should be projected symmetrically, the spinous processes are projected over the centers of the vertebral bodies. the intervertebral joints should be visible. Thoracic Spine AP Radiograph Related Projections Thoracic spine Lateral Additional modalities CT MRI