Babeh Edi

Shoulder Clavicle PA

Indications for imaging Trauma - dislocations, fractures, Anatomy  Demonstrated Clavicle projected above major shoulder girdle components Clavicle Rt Anatomy Meschan, I. 1955 An Atlas of Normal Radiographic Anatomy Saunders, London Basic Patient Position The patient stands erect facing the film, leans forward to bring the clavicle as close as possible and parallel to the film, coronal plane approximately 20 degree anterior angle, median saggital plane 10 degrees forward into the anterior oblique position of the side under investigation. PA Rt Clavicle position Movin A, 1975. Skeletal Projections for Diagnostic Radiography. Lippincott.Philadelphia Radiation protection Direct lead rubber gonad protection using a "half apron". Avoid irradiating the thyroid and breast tissue as much as possible. Central Ray The central ray is angled 20 degrees caudal to bring it to 90 degrees to the coronal plane and centered so that the central exits through the center of the clavicle. Exposure is made on suspended expiration.   Exposure Factors Kv mAS FFD (cm) Grid Focus AEC Cassette 80 5 100 No Fine No 24x30 cm Thickset patients may require the use  of a grid Evaluation of the Image ID and markers must be present and correct in the appropriate area of the film. Limits of the examination, superiorly the skin surface above the distal end of the clavicle, inferiorly and medially the medial end of the sterno-clavicular joint, laterally the acromio-clavicular joint. Evidence of collimation on four sides equally around the centering point The clavicle should be projected straight and mainly free of the chest. Penetration, ensure that the sterno-clavicular joint is visualised and the density such that the distal portion of the acromio-clavicular joint is well visualised.  Clavicle Rt AP Radiograph Related Projections Shoulder joint AP Acromio-clavicular joint AP Additional modalities --